![]() (viii) Vacuoles: are fluid-filled or solid filled membrane-bound spaces. They have a green pigment called chlorophyll and help in the photosynthesis of food. (vii) Chloroplasts: are present in green algae and higher plants. Leucoplasts (colourless plastids) store food in the form of carbohydrates (starch), fats and proteins. They have their own genome and have the power to divide.Ĭhromoplasts (coloured plastids) imparts various colours to flowers to attract insects for pollination.Ĭhloroplasts (Green-coloured plastids) trap solar energy and utilises it to manufacture food for the plant. (vi) Plastids: Occurs in plant cells and is absent in animal cells. Since mitochondria synthesize energy-rich compounds (ATP) so, known as powerhouse of the cell. The outer membrane is porous and the inner membrane is thrown into folds known as cristae having some rounded bodies known as F1 particles or oxysomes. It is bounded by a double membrane envelope. (v) Mitochondria: are tiny bodies of varying shapes and sizes, distributed in the cytoplasm. And also known as suicidal bags as when the cells get damaged, lysosomes may burst and enzymes eat up their own cells. So, it is a kind of garbage disposable system of the cell. Its cells digest foreign proteins, bacteria and viruses. (iv) Lysosomes are simply tiny spherical sac-like structures evenly distributed in the cytoplasm. It is also involved in the secretion of cell wall, plasma membrane and lysosomes. It produces vacuoles or secretory vesicles which contain cellular secretions like enzymes etc. It packages material synthesised inside the cell and dispatches them. It is absent in bacteria, blue-green algae, mature sperms and red blood cells of mammals and other animals. (iii) Golgi apparatus: It consists of a set of membrane-bounded, fluid-filled vesicles, vacuoles and flattened cisternae (closed sacs). It plays an important part in the synthesis of proteins. (ii) Ribosomes: are dense, spherical and granular particles that occur freely in the matrix (cytosol) or remain attached to the ER. (b) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER): which is without ribosomes and is meant for secreting lipids.ĮR forms supporting skeletal framework of the cell and also provides a pathway for the distribution of nuclear material from one cell to another. (a) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER): with ribosomes attached on its surface for synthesising proteins. (i) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Inside the cell, there exists a membranous network enclosing a fluid-filled lumen that almost filled the intracellular cavity. The cytoplasm consists of an aqueous substance cytosol in which a variety of cell organelles and other inclusions like insoluble waste and storage products (starch, lipid etc.) are present. The inner layer of it is known as the endoplasm and the outer is known as the cell cortex or ectoplasm. Cytoplasm: The part of the cell which occurs between the plasma membrane and nuclear envelope. Inside the nucleus, chromatin material is present which is composed of a genetic substance DNA and is responsible for the transmission of characteristic features from one generation to another.Ĥ. It controls the structure and working of cells. It is covered by a two membrane envelope.ģ. It represents the whole eukaryotic complex that contains genetic information.Ģ. Also known as the factory of Ribosomes because of ribosome formation.ġ. It is rich in protein and RNA (ribonucleic acid). It also separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm and its pores contain liquid known as nucleoplasm which is embedded with two structures – the nucleolus and chromatin material. Space between the nuclear envelope is connected to the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Bounded by two nuclear membranes forming a nuclear envelope. Nucleus: It is a spherical cellular component, centrally located in the cell and filled with a fluid namely cytoplasm. Its major function is to provide protection and strength to the cell.ģ. It is made up of cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin. It is nonliving, quite thick and rigid but generally permeable. Cell Wall: It occurs in plants and presents outside the plasma membrane. Its major function is to hold cellular contents and control the passage of materials in and out of the cell.Ģ. Made up of lipids, proteins and a small number of carbohydrates. It is a living and quite thin, flexible and selectively permeable membrane. Present in cells of plants, animals and microorganisms. Plasma Membrane: It is the outer covering of each cell. Image courtesy: Therefore, the structure of the Cell consists of:ġ. It is important to know the component of cell i.e Plasma Membrane, Cell Wall, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Golgi bodies, Mitochondria, Lysosomes, and Plastids etc.
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